Since Brexit, HMRC has significantly increased its scrutiny of customs declarations. The UK’s departure from the EU has introduced new complexities in cross-border trade, and HMRC is now more active than ever in investigating potential non-compliance. Businesses and individuals involved in international trade are seeing a rise in enquiries, inspections, and - where dishonesty is suspected - civil investigations under Notice 300.

These investigations can involve reviewing business records, inspecting goods, and in more serious cases, detaining or seizing items. Understanding your rights and obligations is essential, particularly when HMRC alleges dishonest conduct.

What is Notice 300?

Notice 300 sets out HMRC’s procedures for civil investigations into suspected evasion of customs duties. It applies where HMRC believes there may have been dishonest behaviour, such as:

• Smuggling by travellers or traders

• Fraudulent customs declarations

• Dishonest claims for relief or repayment of duty

These investigations are serious and can have significant financial and reputational consequences. However, taxpayers have rights - and knowing how to respond can make all the difference.

Are you required to attend a meeting with HMRC?

When HMRC opens a Notice 300 investigation, it often invites the taxpayer to attend a meeting. While this may be presented as routine, you are not legally obliged to attend. HMRC’s own guidance confirms that meetings are optional, and taxpayers may choose to respond in writing or through a professional adviser.

This approach can be particularly effective, allowing for careful review of all communications and ensuring that responses are clear, accurate, and fully documented.

If however you’re the subject of a code of practice 9 investigation and have accepted HMRC's CDF offer, then you must personally meet with HMRC when requested. Otherwise, your presence is not mandatory. 

Case study: strategic representation makes a difference 

In a recent case, HMRC opened a Notice 300 investigation into a client’s customs declarations and invited the company’s directors to attend a meeting with its specialist team.  

Meetings with HMRC can sometimes feel challenging for taxpayers, and the directors were understandably keen to ensure the process was managed carefully. After reviewing the facts in detail, we concluded that all relevant information could be provided clearly and comprehensively in writing, and that a meeting was not essential at that stage.

The directors therefore chose to respond fully in writing, reiterating their commitment to cooperate with HMRC and provide any further information required.

Despite the detailed written representations submitted, HMRC indicated that they considered a face‑to‑face meeting to be the most effective way to progress the case. The directors, having already addressed the issues in writing and wishing to avoid unnecessary duplication, again politely declined while confirming their continued willingness to assist.

It was clear to us from the outset that no fraud had occurred. Confident in our client’s position, we invited HMRC to issue its decision and made it clear that, should HMRC wish to proceed with issuing a civil evasion penalty, we would expect a full explanation of the basis for their suspicions and disclosure of the evidence supporting their view that fraud was involved. 

Shortly thereafter, HMRC informed us that, upon further review, an investigation under Notice 300 was no longer appropriate and they would not be proceeding with the case. 

This outcome highlights the value of understanding the process and having experienced support to help navigate it. It also brings into focus important considerations for any taxpayer invited to a meeting with HMRC, such as:

• What specific concerns is HMRC seeking to address?

• Would a meeting genuinely help clarify the facts, or would a detailed written response provide the same clarity in a more structured way?

Key takeaways for businesses and advisers

• Know your rights: Receiving a Notice 300 letter is serious, but it does not remove your right to choose how you engage with HMRC. Meetings are optional, and written communication is a valid and often preferable alternative.

• Seek specialist advice: Customs investigations require technical expertise. Engaging a tax specialist with experience in HMRC procedures ensures your case is handled professionally and proportionately.

• Document everything: Keep detailed records of all correspondence with HMRC. This protects your position and ensures transparency.

• Understand your options: A request to attend a meeting is exactly that - a request. While HMRC may consider a meeting helpful, taxpayers are fully entitled to provide information in writing if that is the most appropriate and effective way to address the issues.

How we can help

At Buzzacott, our Tax Disputes and Investigations team has extensive experience in handling HMRC customs enquiries and civil investigations. We provide strategic, discreet, and effective support to help clients navigate complex situations and bring matters to a satisfactory resolution. If you or your client has received a Notice 300 letter or is facing a customs-related enquiry, we encourage you to get in touch.